Which Skilled Visa Pathway Fits You? 189, 190, or 491 Explained Simply

Australia’s skilled migration program offers several pathways for workers who want to build a future in the country. But choosing the right visa can feel confusing, especially when you are deciding between the Subclass 189, 190 and 491 visas. 

Each option has different requirements, benefits and obligations. Understanding these differences in simple terms helps you choose the visa that best matches your skills, lifestyle and long term goals. 

What is the difference between the 189, 190 and 491 skilled visas? 

The 189 visa is a permanent independent visa with no state sponsorship. The 190 visa is permanent but requires nomination from a state or territory. The 491 visa is provisional and requires applicants to live and work in a regional area before becoming eligible for permanent residency. 

A Simple Comparison of the 189, 190 and 491 Skilled Visas 

Skilled Independent Visa (Subclass 189) 

This is the most independent skilled visa pathway. You do not need a job offer, employer sponsorship or state nomination. If your occupation is in demand nationally and your points are strong, this may be a good fit. 

Best for: 

• applicants with high points 

• occupations on the skilled list at the national level 

• people who want full freedom to live anywhere in Australia 

Key benefits: 

• permanent residency from day one 

• freedom to work and live anywhere 

• more straightforward conditions 

Things to consider: 

• very competitive 

• higher points required 

• limited invitations depending on occupation demand 

Skilled Nominated Visa (Subclass 190) 

This is also a permanent visa, but you must be nominated by a state or territory. Each state has its own criteria and only selects applicants who meet its workforce needs. 

Best for: 

• applicants with strong ties to a specific state 

• people whose occupation is more in demand at the state level 

• applicants who prefer clearer nomination pathways 

Key benefits: 

• permanent residency 

• usually lower points required compared to 189 

• nomination adds extra points to your EOI 

Things to consider: 

• you are expected to live and work in the state that nominates you 

• each state has its own rules, quotas and priorities 

Skilled Work Regional Visa (Subclass 491) 

The 491 pathway requires state, territory or regional family sponsorship. It is a provisional visa that leads to permanent residency through the Subclass 191 after meeting certain criteria. 

Best for: 

• applicants willing to live and work in regional Australia 

• people who want a pathway with broader occupation options 

• applicants with lower points who still want a strong chance of nomination 

Key benefits: 

• wide range of regional opportunities 

• additional points for regional nomination 

• clear pathway to permanent residency 

Things to consider: 

• you must live and work in a regional area for several years 

• permanent residency is not immediate 

• obligations must be met before upgrading to the Subclass 191 

Which Pathway Fits You Best? 

Choose the 189 if you want: 

• full independence 

• immediate permanent residency 

• the freedom to live anywhere 

• a pathway based entirely on your skills and points 

Choose the 190 if you want: 

• permanent residency with state support 

• nomination advantages 

• a pathway aligned to a specific state’s needs 

Choose the 491 if you want: 

• a more flexible chance of being nominated 

• the benefits of regional Australia 

• a step by step pathway toward permanent residency 

• a good option when your points are lower 

How LMSD Helps Skilled Migrants Choose the Right Path 

At Legacy Migration & Study Direction, we help skilled workers understand which visa best matches their occupation, points, experience and future goals. 

We guide you through: 

• points assessment 

• skills assessment readiness 

• state and regional nomination criteria 

• comparing 189, 190 and 491 opportunities 

• building a strong and competitive EOI 

With tailored advice, you can choose the right pathway and lodge your application confidently. 

Choosing the correct skilled visa pathway can change your entire migration journey. Understanding the differences between the 189, 190 and 491 visas helps you make a smart, informed decision that fits your goals and strengths. 

The information, updates, news, and advice provided are intended for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as personalised guidance. For accurate advice regarding your specific migration case, we invite you to reach out to us directly by sending a message through this link: https://www.legacymigration.com.au/take-your-first-step-to-living-working-or-studying-in-australia

Migration Agents Registration Number: 1797357

QEAC Number: S041